Les antipsychotiques en psychiatrie

Dans cet article, l’auteur tente de situer les médicaments antipsychotiques à l’intérieur de la psychiatrie moderne en relation avec les diverses thérapies de la schizophrénie. Sans entrer dans les détails, il touche les principaux avantages et désavantages des neuroleptiques. Il conclut que les avantages dépassent les désavantages. Toutefois, il insiste aussi sur la nécessité de sélectionner ultérieurement les patients et de prendre certaines précautions en regard des effets neurologiques des médicaments antipsychotiques couramment disponibles dans les cliniques.In this article we have tried to situate the anti-psychotic drugs within modern psychiatry in relation to the various therapies for schizophrenia. Without entering into detail, we have touched upon the main advantages and disadvantages of neuroleptics. We conclude that the advantages outweight the disadvantages. However, we have also stressed the necessity of selecting patients carefully and of taking certain precautions in regard to the neurological effects of anti-psychotic drugs currently available in clinics

APLUSIX, un EIAH de l'algèbre

Grandbastien , Monique and Labat , Jean-Marc (Eds)International audienceCe chapitre décrit la (re-)conception de l'EIAH APLUSIX, micromonde d'apprentissage de l'algèbre pour les collèges et les lycées, ainsi que les premières expérimentations effectuées et les premiers usages observés en classe avec le produit obtenu. En particulier, ce chapitre témoigne de la tension qui existe au moment de la conception d'un EIAH entre deux problématiques, la première est liée aux objectifs d'apprentissage, la seconde concerne le développement d'une interface homme-machine (IHM). À l'intersection de ces deux domaines de recherche se trouvent les notions de micromonde et d'ergonomie notions centrales de ce chapitre

Pour une évaluation sensible à l’environnement des interventions : l’analyse de l’implantation

Dans cet article, les auteurs exposent une méthode pour faciliter l'analyse de l'implantation des interventions. Cette forme d'évaluation a son origine dans les limites reconnues du modèle de la « boîte noire », modèle prédominant dans l'analyse des effets des interventions. Elle vise à expliquer les conditions de mise en oeuvre et les processus de production des effets des interventions. Plus précisément, l'analyse de l'implantation comprend trois composantes, soit l'analyse de l'influence : 1) des déterminants contextuels sur le degré de mise en oeuvre des interventions, 2) de l'interaction entre le contexte d'implantation et l'intervention sur les effets observés, et 3) des variations dans l'implantation sur son efficacité. L'utilité de ce type d'évaluation est d'accroître la validité externe des recherches évaluatives

Toxicokinetics of fumonisin B1 in turkey poults and tissue persistence after exposure to a diet containing the maximum European tolerance for fumonisins in avian feeds

The kinetic of fumonisin B1 (FB1) after a single IV and oral dose, and FB1 persistence in tissue were investigated in turkey poults by HPLC after purification of samples on columns. After IV administration (single-dose: 10 mg FB1/kg bw), serum concentration–time curves were best described by a three-compartment open model. Elimination half-life and mean residence time of FB1 were 85 and 52 min, respectively. After oral administration (single-dose: 100 mg FB1/kg bw) bioavailability was 3.2%; elimination half-life and mean residence time were 214 and 408 min, respectively. Clearance of FB1 was 7.6 and 7.5 ml/min/kg for IV and oral administration respectively. Twenty four hours after the administration of FB1 by the intravenous route, liver and kidney contained the highest levels of FB1 in tissues, level in muscle was low or below the limit of detection (LD, 13 µg/kg). The persistence of FB1 in tissue was also studied after administration for nine weeks of a feed that contained 5, 10 and 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg diet. Eight hours after the last intake of 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg feed (maximum recommended concentration of fumonisins established by the EU for avian feed), hepatic and renal FB1 concentrations were 119 and 22 µg/kg, level in muscles was below the LD

Ultrasound to guide American shad toward a spillway

To minimize mortality, Hydro-Québec’s power station located on the Des Prairies River (Montréal, Canada), used to stop its operation for one hour every day during the post spawning migration of American shad (Alosa sapidissima). The corresponding water volume was then spilled (via the spillway) to produce a preferential flow for the fish. It was shown that during this period, up to 95% of the shads located in front of the power station swam away from it, toward the spillway. However, during the remaining hours of operation there was a high probability that shad would go through the turbines to complete their journey back to the ocean. To reduce this potential mortality, Hydro-Québec has been experimenting since 2006, with an ultrasound barrier operating at a minimum noise level of 168 dB ref 1µPa at 125 kHz to prevent shads from approaching the power station. From our experimental and bibliographical data, these values have to be met to ensure the success of the American shad guidance. Consequently, since 2010 the power station did not have to stop its operation during the American shad downstream migration. A final prototype developed with Hydro-Quebec’s Research Institute is now in use. Plans are made to guide American shad to an alternative route where no power station is present

Architectural optimisation for microelectronic packaging

International audienceThe aim of this paper is to provide a methodical approach for architectural optimization of power microelectronic devices. Because critical parameters of electronic devices are linked with reliability, architectural optimisation, selection of the geometrical parameters of device and optimization of these parameters by iteration method associated by numerical analysis of reliability have to be achieved. In this way, this paper discusses about a methodical and numerical approach for the optimization of reliability in electronic devices, in particular the influence of geometrical parameters on the device reliability

Doing mathematics with the APLUSIX-Editor

International audienceThe APLUSIX-Editor is a microworld dedicated to the learning of algebra. First it includes an advanced editor that allows the student to build easily algebraic expressions. Second it reifies the student's reasoning as a linear development of equivalent steps or as a tree. Third it verifies the equivalence between the different steps during student's calculations, and gives indications about the progression of the reasoning. The first three parts of the paper present the syntactical aspect, the semantic aspect and the strategic aspect of the APLUSIX-Editor. The last parts present experiments conducted with the APLUSIX-Editor